This article encapsulates Mao Zedong’s extensive cultural thoughts through his perspective on the modernization of science and culture, identifying five key aspects in Mao’s view. Firstly, Mao established a new cultural theory for the Communist Party of China, with “On New Democracy” serving as the foundational text of our Party’s new cultural theory.This seminal work comprehensively and systematically outlined the interplay between new-democratic politics, economy, and culture, defining the new culture as one that is national, scientific, and popular. Secondly, Mao promoted a new literary and artistic style that resonates with the Chinese people, advocating the preservation and enhancement of the national characteristics of traditional culture, deeply rooted in China’s reality, and portraying the revolutionary spirit of the people. Thirdly, Mao proposed the policy of “letting a hundred flowers bloom, letting a hundred schools of thought contend,” and introduced the concept of scientific and cultural modernization. Fourthly, Mao adhered to the principle of “applying the old for present-day use, and the foreign for China’s use,” emphasizing the proper treatment of both Chinese traditional culture and foreign cultures. Fifthly, Mao advanced the modernization of science and culture in the understanding and policies regarding intellectuals, addressing issues such as the status, role, and class nature of intellectuals, and calling for the cultivation of a team of proletarian intellectuals. In order to inspire us to rejuvenate China and make it a highly cultured nation, it is helpful to study Mao Zedong’s viewpoint on the modernization of science and culture.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  Deng Panyi

　　From:Marxism & Reality.2023.No.6.