The reason why Marxism was able to take root in China lies in its ability to address the dilemma faced by modern China: the need to maintain a high moral standard of its own civilization while striving for modernization at the same time. With the introduction of Marxism to China, the question arose on how to integrate it with the specific context of China. The Resolution on Several Historical Issuesmarked the completion of the first integration, whereas the proposal of the“second integration” and the emphasis on“two integrations”represent the original contributions and significant elements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially in the realm of cultural ideas. The relationship between the two integrations manifests a dialectical unity, with the first integration providing the logical foundation for the development of the second. This approach brought the concept of“integration”onto a new level. The second integration opens up a new phase of intellectual liberation, affirming a strong confidence in history, culture, and civilization. It strategically incorporates the outstanding traditional culture of China as a valuable and constructive force, creating a spiritual strength which drives the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The second integration also aligns this outstanding traditional culture with Marxism, ensuring the ongoing inheritance of Chinese civilization. The development of modern Chinese civilization constitutes a twofold responsibility—a global obligation for Chinese civilization and a civilizational duty for the Communist Party of China in advancing humanity.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao Deng Panyi

　　From: Philosophical Research.2023.No.12